Risk Assessment of Industrial Energy Hubs and Peer-to-Peer Heat and Power Transaction in the Presence of Electric Vehicles

The peer-to-peer (P2P) strategy as a new trading scheme has recently gained attention in local electricity markets. This is practical framework to enhance the flexibility and reliability of energy hubs, specifically for industrial prosumers dealing with high costs. In this paper, Norwegian site multi-energy hubs (MEHs) considered, which they are equipped various sources, namely wind turbines (WT), photovoltaic (PV) systems, combined heat power (CHP) units (convex non-convex types), plug-in electric vehicles (EVs), load-shifting flexibility. objective evaluate importance P2P transaction on-site resources site. Regarding substantial peak charge case grid usage, study analyzes effects under uncertain parameters. uncertainties price, demands, renewable generations (WT PV) challenges MEHs. Thus, stochastically based optimization approach called downside risk constraint (DRC) applied assessment risk-averse risk-neutral modes. According results, applying DRC increased by 35% operation cost (risk-averse mode) achieve zero-based level. However, conservative behavior decision maker secures system from financial losses despite growth cost.